Cardiac arrhythmias are often a major cause of mortality in the perioperative period because anesthetic agents and other adjuvant drugs trigger alterations in the cardiovascular system. They can be divided into those that have an underlying cause related to the surgical process and are rapidly correctable from those that cannot be modified as ongoing pathologies. The decision to correct the induced rhythm abnormality should be based on the presence or absence of signs hemodynamics and risk of sudden death. The present systematic analysis of the literature aims to establish key concepts in cardiac physiology and thereby walk towards arrhythmias focused on those present in the perioperative period; For this, bibliography is used, mostly from the last decade and studies carried out in small animals.