Mental health illnesses of patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS lead to low adherence to treatment. For this reason, this research aims to describe the mental health characteristics of people diagnosed with HIV/AIDS who have low adherence to treatment according to the literature of the last five years, through the systematic review protocol and PRISMA meta-analysis protocols of the extension 2018, with qualitative methodology and a descriptive systematic design. The sources of information were from the PubMed and Sciencedirect databases, which included studies published between 2017 and 2021 that met the criteria for identifying adherence to treatment and also mention mental health diagnoses or risk factors. psychological disorders in this population, data analysis is performed using the Rayyan web application and the included studies are grouped in an Excel Matrix. As a result, 60 investigations are obtained in which the psychological risk factors involved in low adherence to treatment are identified, including the lack of social support resources, stigma, lack of information on the use of medications, the use of illegal drugs, alcohol, among others, it is also evident that depressive and anxious disorders are the most associated with decreased adherence to ART. Time, low command of the English language and lack of free access to information were considered as limitations.