Childhood is considered a transcendental stage in the evolutionary process of man, characterized today by a number of circumstances that reflect problems such as hunger, malnutrition, disease, illiteracy, violence, exposure to risk, exploitation and abuse, which are complemented by legal weakness and neglect of governments. Malnutrition in children under 5 remains one of the major public health problems worldwide and has been recognized as a major risk factor for child mortality. That is why the surveillance of acute malnutrition becomes one of the indicators that allow monitoring and evaluating the presence of this event, in order to generate actions aimed at reducing morbidity and the risk of dying from this condition. The public health surveillance of moderate acute malnutrition in children under five years of age was monitored on a daily basis, generating an immediate response in order to improve the quality of services in early childhood care. The epidemiological surveillance program for moderate acute malnutrition in children under five years of age was strengthened at the Nuestra Señora de los Remedios Hospital, with timely identification of risk factors that can be intervened, focusing on adherence to protocols and guidelines for managing the early childhood population.