The present work of degree is based on teaching based on the phenomenon of electric lightning in the subject of Physics, with students of the degree and the educational institution. Liceo Santa Paula School located in Bogotá. In this sense, a literature review of phenomenology and its relationship with the teaching of science, the pedagogical orientation of Learning based on Phenomena, the physical foundations of the Electric Lightning Phenomenon and the types of scientific explanations were made. The action research methodology developed was interpretative, qualitative and constructivist by means of the application of a sequence of activities consisting of three sessions in which students work in groups in a collaborative, authentic, holistic, contextualized and guided by some learning tasks from information gathering tools such as the conceptual comic strips in the study of the phenomenon, interactive experiences in Maloka, an experimental approach with the Wimshurst machine and the Leyden bottle among other activities proposed by the research teacher that allowed to reveal the explanations of the students around the phenomenon. Subsequently, the data obtained was analyzed, using as causal categories, causal, descriptive, interpretative, functional, genetic and justifying explanations. Interpreting each of the explanations that groups of students express in the activities proposed for each session. Presenting the causal explanations with greater recurrence in the dialogues about the phenomenon of lightning and in the evidences collected by the instruments of information gathering, as well as the reflections for future studies on the subject and the construction of the elements of the Teachings Based on Phenomena.