This research investigates the social imaginary of mathematics in Colombia, so it devotes the first of the two chapters to the history of the development of mathematics and science in Colombia from the Spanish conquest and colonization to the twenty-first century, with the aim of recognizing the construction of different social imaginaries of mathematics in current Colombian society. The second chapter contains the analysis of the diverse perceptions, beliefs, opinions, meanings, aptitudes and, above all, common sense in the Colombian social mind about mathematics, in order to identify and give meaning to the current social imaginaries of Colombian mathematics