Coltan is a mineral of great importance in the technological sector, it is found in different parts of the planet, but the largest reserve is in Congo, Africa, a country known as the main exporter of the mineral to western territories, the extraction of which is artisan which undermines natural resources. In the Colombian case, Coltan is found in the Orinoquia region, mainly in the departments of Vichada, Guainía and Vaupés, which is why the presence of this mineral has generated various socio-environmental conflicts that are on the rise, among other factors, given the scarcity of regulations in the country to regulate mining in Coltán. This monograph aims to create a context of the environmental and legal panorama of Coltan mining in Colombia. To do this, the different stages of the mining process must be taken into account, as well as the different impacts it has caused on the environment such as deforestation, contamination of tributaries, alteration of soils, among others, these in turn are increased by legal deficiency and by the low application of current regulations.