In recent decades Colombia has transformed its development model in accordance with the financial globalization embodied by neoliberalism. In this context, the State has been reformed in terms of public management that promotes international governance under the banner of the most important multilateral organizations. One of its main premises is transparency and accountability to citizens. However, this process has generated agreement and disagreement on what the State should do in relation to society and nature. Companies and governments are accountable to a variety of stakeholders; this initiative has been seen as favourable on the one hand, but problematic on the other. The meanings underlying accountability and transparency practices show antagonisms between theories, understanding of context and their actors. The mining and energy sector, within the framework of public policy on accountability, produces reports on the sector's progress, as do the companies involved in these activities. The purpose of this work is to understand the accountability and transparency process of the sector between 2010 and 2016, in order to find successes, tensions and problems that directly affect society and nature from a critical-interpretative position. Therefore, a case study based on a power generation company is deepened in order to increase the levels of understanding from a field work using the Critical Discourse Analysis as a method. Concluding that, these practices are biased and self-serving, functioning accounting as a legitimising instrument from a calculation infrastructure that reproduces the status quo and economic growth as a maximum for progress and social welfare. Furthermore, they do not reflect the realities of the territories studied, making the role of the social movement invisible. Therefore, the aim is to rescue the singularities and contribute to the field of contextual and critical accounting research.