The role of literature in school has been a subject of wide reflection, which has led to the recognition of a great diversity of factors related to its importance in the integral formation of every individual, as well as to numerous discussions about its treatment in the classroom. From these approaches, various perspectives and works have emerged in relation to its approach in the school, its teaching, its learning, its relationship with language teaching and its necessary link with the formation of readers. The purpose of the proposal presented here is to gather essential elements of the theoretical, critical and academic discussion on what today has been called literary education, in order to reflect on the relationship between literature and education and on teacher training, and thus contribute some elements to the discussion. In this way, the proposal is oriented towards the investigation of this relationship and offers a reflection on the training of teachers of language and literature and its impact on the professional practice.