Neurodevelopment is the process of the natural formation of the nervous system. This is generated from the moment it is in the womb until death neuronal connections must be made so it can form a network that will be responsible for cognitive functions, such as memory, attention, motor skills, among others, Neuroplasticity is the ability of the brain to adapt after suffering an alteration and cognitive processes are the functions necessary for the brain to encode, store, and use the information acquired. These processes are three: attention, perception and memory. Based on documented information, this thesis aims to identify the contributions that neuplasticity provides in the development of basic cognitive processes with a perspective from the role of a teacher involved in childhood learning. The methodological design will be done through the qualitative research methodology with an educational ethnography approach; the tools to be used will be Documents, which consist of the study of different databases. Also the semi-structured interview will be used