The document compiles all the chemical, physical and field tests that are carried out in the coal and clay laboratory of the Mining Center. Clay is a mineral that is used as a raw material in many technological applications, it is used both in the production of traditional ceramics and for new materials that are very useful today. For this reason, clays comprise one of the most important groups of minerals, this mineral is very complex made up of hydrated aluminosilicates, commonly accompanied by other minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium and titanium. Structurally they are made up of sheets of SIO4 tetrahedra and AlO6 octahedra. The combination of these sheets forms different types of clay structures that in turn give rise to bundles, which when combined generate the clay mineral plates. The purpose of this document is to get closer to the methodology that was carried out for the development of the characterization of the clays. For this, it was necessary to characterize both physically and chemically in detail.