Molluscum contagiosum infection affects between 5 and 16% of children under 16 years of age, especially those with atopic dermatitis. It is common in immunosuppressed patients, especially those with AIDS. It manifests as flesh tone papules, umbilicated, small in size, frequently located in the face and body folds. Its transmission occurs by direct contact with the skin or through fomites. In children, it is self-induced. In patients with AIDS, lesions can be greater in number and size as well as recurrent. The diagnosis is made by clinical observation, but in uncertain cases the direct smear or the biopsy are conclusive. There are several treatment options; it depends on the clinical experience of each physician. This review focuses on the main characteristics of this infection, exposing some properties of the virus and its development within epidermal keratinocytes. We summarize the main therapeutic approaches available for the management of these patients.