Diuretics are drugs widely used in the therapy of several diseases. However, many synthetic diuretics are associated with adverse effects. Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam., known as “brasilete”, is a medicinal plant utilized by the Cuban people to treat kidney diseases, but there is a lack of toxicological and pharmacological studies that support its traditional use. This research aimed to evaluate the diuretic activity and acute oral toxicity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the stems of Caesalpinia bahamensis. With regard to the