Page 1 The Long-Term Residence Status as a Subsidiary Form of EU Citizenship Page 2 Immigration and Asylum Law and Policy in Europe Editors Elspeth Guild Kingsley Napley Solicitors, London, Centre for Migration Law, Radboud University Nijmegen Jan Niessen Migration Policy Group, Brussels VOLUME 23 Page 3 The Long-Term Residence Status as a Subsidiary Form of EU Citizenship An Analysis of Directive 2003/109 By Diego Acosta Arcarazo LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 Page 4 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress