The use of green manure to supplement or to replace the use of industrially synthetized nitrogenous fertilizers has attracted the interest of farmers worldwide, and sugarcane growers are no exception. Generally, sugarcane is fertilized with high rates of urea, causing a reduced profit and increased risk of pollution to the atmosphere and water bodies. To evaluate the response of sugarcane productivity to the incorporation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as a green manure to replace or to complement fertilization with urea, an