In recent years, a normal demographic determinant such as the displacement of populations caused by natural or social phenomena, climatic variations and the constant modifications to the models of care in health systems, among others, have determined to a great extent the aggravation of vector-borne diseases, some of which are emerging, but undoubtedly many of these public health events are re-emerging. Dengue becomes one of these intervention focus events, and for some regions, due to their geographic, cultural and economic characteristics, it becomes an important element in their health plans. Likewise, it can be observed that different territorial entities have included the reduction of the burden of vector-borne diseases (VTE) as a priority. However, in the different reviews carried out by the departmental secretaries of health in the municipalities, it is evident that the actions aimed at Dengue and control of its transmission do not obey the local plans, observing an incipient coverage, without taking into account citizen participation or epidemiological aspects that to a large extent provide substantive evidence when making decisions, leading to a failure to meet the goals and an inevitable increase in the number of cases reported for this event. The Municipality of Neiva, due to its geographic location, is considered an endemic zone for the transmission of Dengue, which means that it presents epidemiological, environmental, economic and socio-cultural risk factors for the presence of the vector. During 2013, there were 2937 cases of Dengue reported to the health surveillance system, of which IgM Dengue serology was taken from 1,853 samples (63%), of which 1,551 samples were confirmed positive for Dengue (84%). There were also 93 cases of severe dengue, all of which were confirmed; there were also eight deaths due to the event in the same year. An observational study was carried out, with the application of a survey (CAP Survey), which has proven to be very useful in the scientific research process, as it has the capacity to show how, based on knowledge and skills, the elements of self-care can be transformed in the population. Among the most relevant results, it was found that knowledge about dengue symptoms, transmission, vector and prevention activities are moderately clear in the population; regarding attitudes, the control of the vector has a marked incidence in housewives, who actively participate in the strategies aimed at reducing the disease; as for practices, it was observed that these are not always adequate, these are thought to be conditioned to the socioeconomic contexts of the inhabitants of the selected neighborhoods, and to aspects such as having basic sanitation services. When adjusting the variables, it was observed that receiving information about dengue fever is a factor that decreases the probability of developing prevention and control activities; and considering the washing of pools, tanks and tanks as necessary increases this probability. In future studies, it is recommended that probabilistic sampling be carried out in order to guarantee the generalization of data at the departmental level, which can contribute to decision-making. Another recommendation is aimed at strengthening communication strategies so that they have a direct impact on the people of these neighborhoods who have low socioeconomic strata and schooling up to secondary school, which must have activities and methodologies aimed at improving knowledge in a clear and precise manner.