1. Deliberation in Contexts of Conflict. An Introduction Juan E. Ugarriza and Didier Caluwaerts PART I: OBSTACLES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DELIBERATION IN DIVIDED SOCIETIES 2. Deliberative Democracy in Northern Ireland. Opportunities and Challenges for Consensus in a Consociational System Katy Hayward 3. Deliberative Stress in Linguistically Divided Belgium Didier Caluwaerts and Min Reuchamps 4. Deliberation and Democracy at the End of Armed Conflict. Post-Conflict Opportunities in the Basque Country Sanjay Jeram and Daniele Conversi 5. The Citizens, the Politicians and the Courts: A Preliminary Assessment of Deliberative Capacity in Colombia Margarita M. Orozco and Juan E. Ugarriza 6. Barriers to Inter-Group Deliberation in Divided Ukraine Anastasiya Salnykova 7. Federalist Deliberative Democracy in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects Olabanji Akinola 8. Manipulative Deliberation in Turkey: Alevis' Defective Political Engagement and Remedying Strategies Kivanc Ulusoy 9. Language Policy and Inter-group Deliberation in Israel Aviad Rubin 10. Experiences with Deliberation in the Islamic Republic of Iran Sahar Aurore Saeidnia PART II: WHAT DOES A DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY LOOK LIKE IN A DIVIDED SOCIETY? 11. When Deliberation Remains out of Reach: The Role of Agonistic Engagement in Divided Societies Sarah Maddison 12. Beating the Odds: Confrontational Deliberative Democracy Didier Caluwaerts and Juan E. Ugarriza