This work is part of the project carried out for the Nuevo Tesoro Lexicografico del Espanol (s. XlV-1 726), nevertheless it will not appear in the NTLE. The Spanish lexicon presented was used by the physician Cristobal Acosta -of Portuguese origin but settled down in Burgos at the end of his life- in his tractado de las drogas y medicinas tie las Indias Orientates (1578). This lexicon has double interest: on the one hand, it shares the interest of other medicinal and pharmacopoeia treaties of the time (i.e. the Dioscorides of Nebrija and Laguna, and many others); on the other hand, it presents some remedies from distant lands observed directly on site, therefore his descriptions and comments are objective. In order to name these remedies, he sometimes uses terms that were beginning to be used in the Spanish language during the second half of the XVlth century, if not later, being Acosta the first person to use some of them in the Spanish language. The relevance of this treaty is evident considering that it was handled by later lexicographers like John Stevens (1706).