The present article seeks to address the elements that constitute the exercise of the Special Indigenous Jurisdiction, in conformity with article 246 of the National Constitution of Colombia. The analysis is based on doctrinal and jurisprudential perspectives so as to analyze the recognition of this jurisdiction within the Judicial National System, having in mind the absence of legislation on coordination between these two jurisdictions. In the same way the article seeks to determine which are the rights of the indigenous communities, as collective groups entitled of rights, according to jurisprudence of Court Constitutional