Objective: Identify the influence of climate on the incidence of dengue in the Colombian West Central departments and the Orinoquia. Methodology: The ecological research was conducted in the departments of Caldas, Quindio, and Risaralda, in the West Central region, and the department of Guaviare, in the Colombian Orinoquia. The analysis included the determination of dengue mortality and morbidity rates based on the information reported by the Departmental Secretaries of Health corresponding to the period between 1999 to 2013; SISPRO statistics for 2009-2013 and DANE for 2000-2013; the review of main municipal socio-demographic indicators reported by DANE and DNP; the climatic characterization of the study area considering the climate variability and the potential climate change impacts through information reported by climatic stations and WorldClim platform; the identification of the relationship between climate variables and the dengue incidence rate using bivariate correlation analysis by the Spearman´s method. Conclusions: Significant relationships between dengue incidence rates and the climatic variables and factors were evident; there were direct relations with temperature; reverse with altitude, rainfall and relative humidity. Relations with the Oceanic Nino index that affects the climate variability in the coffee axis were also detected. These results should be considered in the public health plans, so that prevention and control measures can be carried out in towns located at or above 1925 m.a.s.l., where there is probability of occurrence of dengue fever; also the spacetemporal movement of the isotherm 18°C should be considered as a result of climate variability and climate change.