This case study uses the Event Related Potentials, (ERPs) a neurophysiological measure to study the cognitive process in translation. The objective of this thesis project was to identify the differences between a group of translators and a group of non translators in a translation task of metaphorical and non metaphorical contexts through the N400. The instrument used for the tests was extracted from a parallel corpus, originally in English and their translation in Spanish within a public and political domain. From this corpus, we extracted 25 metaphorical and 25 non metaphorical contexts with their corresponding translations, and designed a post test interview containing specific theoretical and methodological questions related to the test. The experimentation took place in the city of Medellin, and recorded using a Medicid V Electroencephalogram with a 36 channel (SYNAMPS system) and the Mind Tracer 2.0 software. The results obtained, from both the empirical tests and the post-test interview; demonstrate a variety of theoretical implications most notable regarding, the importance of the concept of translation, the cognitive functions and the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and Metonymy (CTMM), regarding the cultural and contextual aspects of the adequate translation of a discourse and the need for habituation to the source text (ST).