The internal carotid artery is one of the terminal branches of the common carotid artery. Its importance is based on the fact that the internal carotid artery supplies blood to most of the encephalon; hence any disruption in its structure or flow has considerable impact on the patient. Angio-CT and MRI studies enable a detailed evaluation of both the normal and pathological anatomy. The purpose of this paper is to review the anatomy of the internal carotid artery based on images to reinforce the physician’s knowledge and optimize the understanding of the studies ordered.