Introduction: Cancer has been reported as the second cause of death worldwide, information and communication technologies are useful to improve the general well-being of cancer patients and support their attention process. Objective: The aim of this article is to provide updated and structured information on in the area of oncology and the new alternatives that exist in Colombia and in the world, through a documentary review of the literature. Methodology: A literature search was carried out by Pubmed, Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus, Sciencedirect, and metasearch engines such as World Wide Science Startpage (Ixquick). Articles were reviewed from 2002 to 2018 and the search strategy included the MeSH terms such as e-health, telemedicine and neoplasms. Results: 67 articles were recruited and it was found that the main applications of teleoncology include telediagnosis, teleconsultation, health and professional teleeducation, teletherapy and telerehabilitation. Conclusion: Teleoncology improves the quality of life of cancer patients and strengthens the academic tools of health professionals improving the provision of health services