To characterize the behavior of congenital and gestational syphilis in the department of Caldas during the 2009-2013 period according to the socio-demographic characteristics and the health care of the mother-child with syphilis binomial. Materials and Method: A descriptive observational study of 71 cases of congenital syphilis and 316 cases of gestational syphilis, reported through the epidemiological surveillance system SIVIGILA, was carried out. Results: The behavior of congenital and gestational syphilis during the study indicates a decrease in cases in the non-affiliated and an increase in the contributory and subsidized regimen. Pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis between the ages of 16 and 35, affiliated to the subsidized regime, who reside in municipal capitals and were not hospitalized, showed a strong correspondence with the final conditional alive. Neonates with syphilis who were hospitalized, with a final condition of being alive presented a strong correspondence to belonging to the subsidized regime. Conclusions: The population with the highest number of registered cases of gestational syphilis in the department of Caldas, in the last 5 years, corresponds to the pregnant women of the subsidized regime who reside in the municipal capitals with second and third level of health care. The subsidized health regimen diagnoses gestational syphilis mainly during prenatal check-ups; in contrast, with a less strong relationship, the contributory regimen diagnoses gestational syphilis at delivery. To this is added, regardless of the health regime, that the couples of pregnant women with syphilis do not go to the health services.