Learning the normal anatomy is a must for interpreting any imaging study. Posterior-anterior and lateral chest X-rays are complementary studies that enable the evaluation of the various structures occupying the thoracic cavity and knowing the normal anatomic appearance is the first step towards proper reading of one of the most frequently required images in daily clinical practice. Together, these two views allow for the evaluation of the mediastinal structures, the heart, the hila, the lung fields, and even the thoracic wall and the soft tissues. This article systematically addresses the thorax anatomy.