The present study had as main motivator the need to inform about the risks of self-medication without prescription, presenting a theoretical survey on the topic Risk of Self-medication. With the intention of constructing a reflection for the unrestrained use of medicines. In view of the social need to use health, there is an increase in the demand for the consumption of basic needs medicines, as well as those of special needs. The justification of the work is evidenced through the widespread use of medicines without medical guidance, which most of the time is accompanied by the ignorance of the risks that can cause. The methodology used consisted of readings and studies of bibliographies related to the subject.