Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) in premature children causes high mortality rates. RSV infects approximately 100% of all children at the end of their first year of life. In countries like Colombia, perinatal diseases are second in importance, following homicides and violence, representing a 6.79% of the disease burden. Additionally, RSV infection has been associated with the later occurrence of bronchial hyper-reactivity or wheezing that may last for several years after the infection. The problem of prematurity in addition to the risk of developing a RSV infection increases the complexity of this very relevant clinical event affecting the child’s quality of life, increasing healthcare costs and influencing the quality of life of family members; furthermore, it represents a huge challenge for the medical team. Currently, the prevention of RSV is based on sanitary measures combined with a significant strategy such as the use of immunoprophylaxis in high-risk premature infants.