Estimar la prevalencia de Chlamydia trachomatis en individuos con problemas de fertilidad sobre la base de la literatura cientifica, 1980–2017. Revision sistematica y metaanalisis con 33 estrategias de busqueda en cuatro bases de datos. Se aplico un protocolo reproducible con criterios de inclusion, exclusion y evaluacion de la calidad, segun las guias PRISMA y STROBE. Se estimaron prevalencias globales y especificas con sus intervalos de confianza del 95 %. Se realizo un metaanalisis de efectos aleatorios para la infeccion segun el sexo. Se incluyeron 44 articulos con una poblacion de 49 445 sujetos en quienes se hallo una prevalencia global de 6,8 %. Las prevalencias mas altas se presentaron entre 1991-2000 (16,5 %), en estudios de Africa(17,6 %) y America (16,2 %), en jovenes (12,1 %), mujeres (14,8 %), empleando inmunocromatografia (68,1 %) y con muestras de suero o sangre (16,0 %). Se hallo una elevada prevalencia de C. trachomatis en personas con problemas de fertilidad, al tiempo que se identificaron algunos factores asociados relevantes para orientar la investigacion en ambitos locales, que permitan la consolidacion de hipotesis. To estimate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in individuals with fertility problems, based on the scientific literature, 1980-2017. Systematic review and meta-analysis with 33 search strategies in four databases. A reproducible protocol was applied with inclusion, exclusion and quality evaluation criteria, according to the PRISMA and STROBE guidelines. Overall and specific prevalences of infection were estimated with 95% confidence intervals. A meta-analysis of random effects was performed for the infection according to sex. This study included 44 papers with a population of 49 445 subjects with an overall prevalence of 6.8%. The highest prevalences were between 1991-2000 (16.5%), in African (17.6%) and American (16.2%), in young people (12.1%), women (14, 8%), using immunochromatography (68.1%) and with serum or blood samples (16.0%). A high prevalence of C. trachomatis was found in people with fertility problems. At the same time, a number of relevant factors were identified to guide research at local levels, allowing the consolidation of hypotheses.