This work seeks to combine the studies of biology and political science through the biopolitical approach, in order to understand de biological implications for political science from a common framework: neo Darwinist theory of evolution. In order to understand the emergence of the State as an evolutionary response to enhance human s biological fitness, it is first necessary to understand the biological and psychological components of the human being, from the cerebral structure to the conformation of neural circuits and its function within the decision making framework. Since humans are social beings by nature, that live in society, the emergence of verbal language explains the need for humans to cooperate and survive within a cultural selection. Politics is therefore the means to regulate not only human interaction within the society, but the means that regulate individual s biological fitness in relation with his culture in concordance to the gene pool. Therefore, the emergence of the State and institutions, as an evolutionary response to resolve adaptive problems, is explains as a regulatory agent of the biological fitness of individuals as social beings that live in big societies, having in mind that evolution doesn t suppose progress, but change. Human nature is the ultimate question that needs to be addressed through many disciplines in order to understand the big implications to the study of political science.