Background: Knowledge of the root canal system and its possible variations is of utmost importance when performing endodontic treatment. It has been shown that the “C” shaped canals are related to the ethnicity and demographic area of the people who present them; Currently there is only one study on the prevalence of “C” shaped canals in upper molars, and there are no studies on the prevalence of the lower ones in a Colombian population. The objective was to identify the prevalence and characteristics of “C” shaped canals in permanent molars using cone-beam computed tomography in a Colombian population. Materials and methods: Descriptive study of 382 cone beam volumetric tomography of first, second and third permanent upper and lower molars in Colombian population. 630 teeth were observed. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for the variables sex, presence of “C” shaped canal, type of “C” shaped canal according to Fan´s and Jo´s classification, canal direction, root groove and root fusion. Results: 6.5% of the total sample presented “C” shaped canals, among the upper molars, first molars did not present “C” shaped canals, second molars 5.5% and third molars 6%. Third lower molars presented “C” shaped canals in 7.7%, second molars with 7.6% and first molars with 1.5%. C1 was the most common “C” shaped canal configuration with 3.2% in upper molars and 3.8% in lower molars. Root fusion and “C” shaped canal configuration in the upper molars was 15.7% and in the lower molars was 53.8%. In upper molars, fusion of the mesiobuccal canal with palatal and distobuccal root canal was presented more frequently. In lower molars the root groove was present towards the buccal and lingual simultaneously. Conclusion: The prevalence of “C” shaped canals in Colombian population was 6.5%. It should be considered that when root fusion is present, the probabilities of presenting this type of configuration arises. More studies with a larger sample size are needed.