Any attempt to compose a critical history of the relationship between Western philosophy and anthropocentrism includes a brief mention of Apology for Raymond Sebond by Michel de Montaigne. The Apology is the most extensive writing that composes the Essays, with about 200 pages in the French and Spanish editions. This extension is justified by Montaigne's overflowing task of questioning human presumption manifested with the confidence of human beings to possess or become certain. For the detractors of anthropocentrism, Montaigne's critique is a counterargue in a long philosophical tradition that affirms humans' superiority and serves as a basis for the instrumentalization of animals. Nevertheless, most of the time, the same detractors that estimate the Essays, give Montaigne a secondary place compared with figures considered properly philosophical and summarize the Apology in defending the animals' superiority. Upon this background, this research work is intended to demonstrate that Montaigne brings a critique of anthropocentrism by questioning human vanity by revealing the banality of human beings. Conducting such research has the consequences of highlighting Montaigne's figure as a philosopher in the critical history of anthropocentrism and admitting that his place in this history does not stick to the description of the superiority of animals. Similarly, such research has the consequence of showing that ancient sources, recovered by Montaigne in the Apology, are also critical positions of anthropocentrism.