The objective of this research was to describe the prevention programs for the consumption of alcohol and tobacco in children in Latin America between 2010 and 2020, identifying the preventive models used, the interventions developed, the results of their evaluation and the participation of the health professionals. Among the studies found, the situation of alcohol and tobacco consumption in children under 18 years of age is evidenced, within a social, cultural, historical, economic and epidemiological context, covering the different Latin American countries, identifying and describing the different programs generated for the prevention of alcohol and tobacco consumption in children under 18 years of age together with its effectiveness and the participation of the nursing staff in them is exposed. Most preventive programs are developed in the school setting and are based on the life skills model and the social skills model; they report a positive effect on changes in behavior, self-esteem and perception towards life. The reinforcement of knowledge through Health Education was the intervention that was used the most using workshops and surveys. Some of the programs were directed at parents and teachers. Most of the activities were carried out by the teachers of the schools who received training by health professionals. Psychologists are the ones who most participate in the design and execution of these programs. In conclusion, we find that not all prevention programs are theoretically based, they are carried out in a short time, which does not allow us to show long-term effects. The little participation of the nursing professional in the design and execution of these programs is evidenced, recognizing that the nursing professional is qualified to carry out such actions. It is necessary to extend the review to non-scientific publications since most of the programs are developed by governmental and non-governmental organizations and generate documents that are not published in academic databases.