Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the main causes of morbidity in the general population, with a higher peak of incidence after 40 years; in Colombia, the PREPOCOL study estimated a prevalence of 8.9%; COPD hospitalization is associated with poor disease control and is estimated as an indicator of the quality of health care. Although the biological factors associated with hospital admission for this pathology have been described, the psychosocial factors have not yet been adequately elucidated. This article presents the results of the most relevant literature review concerning the psychosocial factors that influence patients hospitalized for COPD. The use of some tools focused on the biopsychosocial model in clinical practice could favor the evaluation of patients through a comprehensive approach from primary health care. This could guide an improvement in the quality of care for patients from the primary level and affect the reduction of hospitalizations preventable by COPD through better pathology control.