This project is part of giving priority to the illiterate rural population from an Occupational Therapy approach. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation is to determine which are those occupations that have been limited due to illiteracy in the rural population of the Chichira and Monteadentro districts of the city of Pamplona. This study is of the descriptive-correlational type, since, through the application of the OPHI-II instruments (Historical Occupational Performance Interview) and MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), it describes and relates illiteracy to the occupations of the rural population, determining that lack of schooling and illiteracy severely affect upper-level cognitive processes, which has negatively interfered with the occupational performance of the population, leading to restrictions on occupational participation, affecting the well-being and quality of life of the population.