Introduction: The technique failure of the peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an unwanted event because it occurs in an unplanned manner and, therefore, there is no patient preparation for the change in dialysis modality or the early completion of a permanent vascular access. In addition, the change from PD to HD affects the patient's daily routine, increases health costs, and increases hospitalization rates. To Know the factors associated with the technique failure would help to understand this outcome and improve clinical outcomes. Objective: Identify the factors associated with the time of the technique failure in patients incident to PD during the first year of follow-up. Participants: Patients older than 18 years with diagnosis of CKD in terminal stage with peritoneal dialysis treated in the RTS clinics in Colombia between January 1th, 2016 and December 31th, 2017. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study, the association between a group of independent variables and the technique failure of the peritoneal dialysis was evaluated using Cox regression and adjusting for baseline variables. Results: 2210 patients started peritoneal dialysis; the incidence of technique failure was 8.8 x 100 person-years. The factors that decrease the risk of technique failure were Kt / V> 1.7 (HR: 0.41; p = 0.000) and albumin (HR: 0.61; P = 0.007). The Arterial hypertension increase the risk of technique failure 1.59 times more (HR: 1.59; p=0.044) and male sex increases the risk of technique failure 1.62 times more (HR: 1.62; 0 = 0.038). Conclusions: This study found that Kt / V> 1.7 and albumin decrease the risk of presenting technique failure in the first year of follow-up; and the factors that increase the risk of technique failure in the first year of follow-up were: male sex and high blood pressure.