This article considers comparative education to be very useful, since from its theoretical-methodological basis it allows similarities and differences to be established and trends to be identified. With this method, the process of initial training of teachers in their scientific-research preparation for the History and Geography careers at the University of Guayaquil, Ecuador, and the Geography and Biology career at the Enrique Jose Varona University of Pedagogical Sciences, Cuba, is analyzed. The research focuses on two key aspects: developing the theoretical and practical foundations and presenting a conclusive report of a projective nature that will significantly contribute to the improvement of the curricula of the universities and careers studied, based on the characterization of the current state and the development of exchanges and experiences in both contexts.