This work is divided into three parts. The first one is a review of public policy in education from 1975 to 2015, following the route of the agendas and the roles assigned to the school, everything from agentive semiotics. The second part proposes three essential agentive axes to structure school learning experiences with language and literature, also from the agentive proposal. And the third one narrates the learning experiences that molded the basis for this proposal. The essential agentive axes are a way to put teachers and students at the center of the pedagogical experience, and to think about the school and the phenomena of its environment from a cognitive perspective that defines the human being as embodiment and who gives the meaning to our world experiences. It is also a criticism of the way public policy is constructed in Colombia, and a defense of teacher as political, academic and researcher of the school experience.