The following project was intended to study one of the problems that are making visible in rural education in Colombia after the post-conflict: student desertion. For this, was considered the village La Granja of the municipality of Cocorna, one of the territories hit by violence and its dynamics. In this order, socioeconomic factors such as poverty, violence, forced displacement and unemployment among others were taken into account, in order to determine their incidence in desertion. The inquiry was based on a timeline based on information provided that contains the SIMAT platform (System for the management of the enrollment of students from official institutions) as the first methodological resource, of qualitative and quantitative nature, with a both phenomenological and theoretical approach critical, tools such as the survey, focus group and social cartography were also used to achieve the findings. The results showed a strong influence of the lags of the conflict in the possession and production of the land that complicates the possibility of obtaining enough resources to stay in the territory, and therefore proceed to abandon it, generating school desertion. Likewise, changes in the socio-economic dynamics of the territory due to its industrial development were evidenced as a secondary factor of the object of inquiry.