The purpose of this study was to identify the diff erent species of fl ower visitors of Polystachya caracasana -Orchidaceae- in culture conditions. It was found that the ant species Ectatomma ruidum and Camponotus sp. were attracted by the sugar exudates in the extrafl oral nectaries of the infl orescence. However, they don’t appear to act as pollinators. On the other hand, the fl owers were also visited by workers of the social bee Tetragonisca angustula -Apidae-Meliponini-. The pollination mechanism is based on the collection of the pseudo-pollen off ered by the mentioned orchid that the bee presumably uses to feed its young. The results are consistent with observations reported for other species of Polystachia in other countries. Understanding the mechanisms of pollination is important to advance in the knowledge of the biology of orchids for their conservation.