The degree work analyzes romanticism as a philosophical paradigm and historiographical proposal, exploring the conceptual and doctrinal corpus that allowed its configuration in Germany and France at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th. This exploration is based on the hermeneutical analysis of a set of primary sources and specialized studies. In particular, the main works of who is considered the forerunner of this movement, the german philosopher and theologian Johann Gottfried von Herder, are addressed. In the same way, texts by other authors such as Immanuel Kant, Madame de Stael, Edgar Quinet, Victor Cousin, Giuseppe Mazzini. The main aspiration is to establish how romanticism dynamized in its political, social and cultural context the philosophy of history and modern historiographical production, as well as the consolidation of populist and nationalist movements that would have their epicenter in European territory, for later extend to the Latin American continent of the first half of the nineteenth century. Subsequently, the investigation describes the process by which the reception and appropriation of Herder's theories was carried out together with the European nationalist romanticism by the members of the first field of romantic intellectuals developed in Latin America: La Joven Argentina, Nueva Generacion o Asociacion de Mayo, formed after 1837 in Buenos Aires. Next, it is argued about the concrete contributions of the thought of Herder and the romantic nationalist movement on the ideological, historical and literary intellectual production of three members of La Joven Argentina: Jose Esteban Antonio Echeverria Espinoza, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Albarracin and Vicente Fidel Lopez. Finally, it establishes the impact of these narrative plots and devices of culture and memory generated and managed by the Asociacion de Mayo in the critical juncture after rosista federalism, in which a process of reconfiguration of the State, the nation and the nationality of contemporary Argentina.