Through the stories of three peasant families from the villages of La Esmeralda and El Castillo in the municipality of Villahermosa (Tolima), the present work looks back on peasant forms of production. From the inside of each of the peasant farms and through qualitative methodologies, this investigation makes an effort to understand the relevance of the historical, social, ecological and economic aspects that are part of the balance of resources that, within a peasant farms, influence production. Far from questioning the viability of peasant forms of production in the capitalist economic system, this work focuses on identifying and analyzing the logics of economic decision-making within a productive entity. This analysis takes into account the interaction of internal and external forces that lead to the deployment of varied peasant forms of production. This approach allows us to highlight the social differentiation within a given population and their production strategies, while making visible that the logic that guides economic decisions in a rural family deluges the cost-benefit relation, allowing for the creation of more sustainable types of agriculture.