Across the present article we will study two public institutions like the Department of the Environment and Sustainable Development and the Autonomous Regional Corporations. We will mention some general aspects of both institutions as its nature, creation and normative frame, and will analyze its functions. With base in the previous thing, we will determine if they have the same functions and if the need persists of that both institutions continue exercising the control, the vigilance and the follow-up of the activities of exploitation of the natural resources and preservation of environment in our country, or if on the contrary, one of them should be dispensed or missed.