This thesis seeks to analyze the bilateral relationship that the United States and Colombia have historically been building to seek a solution to the problem of illicit drugs, based on the theory of complex interdependence posed by Keohane and Nye (1988). Through the descriptive method and the use of bibliographic sources, as well as reports, official speeches and press releases, emphasis is placed on the transformations that have taken place since the peace talks between the Colombian government and the FARC began in 2012, and the problems and challenges that have arisen for this relationship with the implementation of national plans for the substitution of illicit crops and consumer prevention; focusing on the rivalry that exists between those who defend the prohibitionist approach and those who promote public health. Thus, we will try to establish the future scenarios in which the two countries would meet to find a solution to the problem of illicit drugs, investigating the real possibility that the Colombian government will lead the change in the approach to the fight against the problem of illegal drugs, and, in this way, implement it in their territory.