In recent decades, the international arena has given a preponderance to the protection of the environment and indigenous peoples in terms of activities, works and development projects that directly affect them. On the above, the American continent has not been the exception because the inter-American system of rights has been pronounced in this regard; However, it is not clear whether these manifestations have influenced the Member States of the OAS and specifically Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico. Hence, this research has an exploratory-explanatory scope of qualitative type and under the dogmatic and jurisprudential method with which this question will be resolved; With a view to enriching the debate that incorporates the protection and promotion of human rights law in the region and the existing discussion on the part of the academic, professional and institutional community.