In this document, it is intended to demonstrate how the External Debt has become a heavy and burdensome burden for the less favored countries. analysis shows that in South America the debt is unpayable and therefore different alternatives are proposed to cover those liabilities, The debt exchange by nature. present article presents a critical and analytical vision, based on statistics and real cases and concluding with the possibility of resorting to natural resources, as an alternative to meet the payment of the external debt, so voluminous, burdensome and impossible to cancel by the traditional monetary means. This initiative born in the United States has been widely accepted and analyzed by different states, mainly in developing countries, as a way to alleviate the public debts incurred.