Every year, environmental problems are getting more acute. Natural and human-induced changes - climate change, improper use of natural resources and pollution of territories, lead to violations of environmental protection and human rights. Many environmental offenses and crimes are committed, and as a result, there is an increasing number of regulatory frameworks and judicial practices concerning this issue, both at the state and international levels. In order to properly understand the concepts of environmental rights and environmental offenses, it is necessary to consider the practice of Russian and international courts, to identify similarities and differences in their positions, and to identify the grounds for establishing responsibility for these violations. Keywords: Lake Baikal, ecology, law, influence, human.