The concept of bioeconomy has positioned itself in the political and economic agendas of some countries in particular in Europe. This concept brings together a series of elements that are susceptible to analysis as they are provided for various interpretations. This article which is based on a doctoral work titled: “Bioeconomy and economic development in Colombia: challenges and opportunities for a mega-diverse country” aims to present theoretical support for the analysis of the use of natural resources and their relationship with The economic benefits of the countries, putting special emphasis on the concept of sustainability. It is in the theoretical review that there are different positions on how the issue of natural resources should be addressed in the light of the new postulates of the bioeconomy and as environmental accounting contributes to sustainability from the point of Business view.