Se evaluo la composicion taxonomica de la poblacion de lombrices en un Andisol en la vereda Montanitas del municipio Marinilla (Antioquia, Colombia) luego de 5 y 10 anos de labranza, despues de 5 y 10 anos de barbecho y en condiciones pristinas. El muestreo fue realizado por el metodo del monolito, propuesto por el programa Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF). Se realizo extraccion directa de los individuos, los cuales fueron caracterizados y descritos segun los generos encontrados en cada condicion, para luego relacionarlos con los usos del suelo; fueron encontrados tres generos: Pontoscolex corenthrurus, Amynthas corticis y Martiodrilus sp. En el suelo virgen se presento P. corenthrurus, pero luego de 5 anos de labranza se evidencio un predominio del genero A. corticis y una baja presencia del genero Martiodrilus sp. Luego de 10 anos de labranza no se encontraron anelidos; sin embargo, durante el barbecho la poblacion de lombrices incremento en forma significativa. Los agregados estables del suelo disminuyeron en la medida en que el suelo fue sometido a labranza, y se incremento durante los periodos de barbecho, asociado a la densidad de lombrices y a su concentracion en los primeros 10 cm de profundidad, corroborando su participacion en la agregacion del suelo. / The taxonomic composition of the population of earthworms in Andisol was evaluated on the rural area of Montanitas, Marinilla municipality (Antioquia, Colombia), under different conditions: after 5 and 10 years of farming, after 5 and 10 years of fallow as well as under pristine conditions. The sampling was performed by using the method of the monolith, proposed by the program Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF). The specimens were obtained by direct extraction from each sample, which then were characterized and described according to genera found under each condition, and then relate land usage. Three different genera of earthworms were found: Pontoscolex corenthrurus, Amynthas corticis and Martiodrilus sp. In the virgin soil P. corenthrurus was present, the soil with five years of tillage showed a predominance of A. corticis and low presence of Martiodrilus sp. In soils after 10 years of tillage no annelid was found; however, during the fallow, earthworm population increased significantly. It was found that the stable aggregates decreased depending on the duration of soil tillage, that it increased during fallow periods associated with the density of earthworms and their concentration in the first 10 cm of depth, confirming their involvement in the aggregation of soil.