Tropical dry forests are the most threatened, yet among the least studied ecosystems in the Neotropics. These forests hold a unique combination of plants, animals and microorganisms that have adapted to the rain seasonality that characterizes tropical dry forest, thus holding many endemic species. In addition, this ecosystem provides key environmental services such as water regulation, soil retention and carbon sequestration, which regulates local climate, water and nutrients availability. In Colombia, dry forests occur in six regions: the Caribbean, the inter-Andean valleys of Cauca and Magdalena, the Northeastern Andes, the Patia valley, and the Llanos (Orinoquia region).