Since ancient times the evolution of man is related to fishing, an action that enriched hunting, not only land animals but aquatic beings that inhabited their environment. Marine biotoxins are responsible for a significant number of diseases associated with fishery products; due to the consumption of seafood the ciguatera intoxication and the scombroidosis can be mentioned. The increasing rise of these accidental intoxications in the world and in Cuba and the lack of bibliography make it necessary to disclose its toxicological potential. A bibliographical review was made of the main biotoxins and the diseases they produce, the toxic effects that can affect human health by ingestion and the fundamental clinical manifestations. Each group was described because of intoxication, active principles responsible for toxicity, potentially contaminated species and clinical manifestations, as well as measures aimed at appropriate treatment.