This paper presents a diagnosis of the environmental and natural resources of the Colombian Caribbean, identifying, from the biophysical and institutional point of view, the most important environmental issues that the region faces. This profile provides a comprehensive look at the environmental characteristics of the region and examines the significant environmental vulnerabilities that exist in a rich regional ecosystem. This is important because these trends would risk the natural ability to provide environmental goods and services that support both economic activities and life itself. Finally, consistent with the diagnosis, the paper presents some recommendations on the priorities of environmental policy in the region.